问题1背景:2008，本土学者仅占研究完成和士完成的0.3%主0.6%，尽管澳大利亚本土仅占人口总的2.5%。此外，本土学生只占1%的国内学生在渣油包括士、硕士。此外，只有320的土著学生的士学位，只有0.66%的士学生的总人（斯科菲尔德，奥勃良，与罗伊，2013）。显然，每年在士土著学生量减少。因此，本土学生的士量似乎更小。

问题2背景:在澳洲的医疗体系中，大多的土著医疗保健服务都是公开资助的。这些服务提供的方法是：通过普遍提供的医疗保健服务，这里指的是“主流服务”；以及通过其他服务，针对土著澳洲人由于访问问题，他们面临的问题，被称为“土著特定的医疗服务”。土著特定保健服务包括一个全面的初级卫生保健服务的提供由土著社区控制卫生服务（AcCHS），药物和酒精的服务，并通过非组织提供的其他服务。主流服务（非初级卫生保健、牙科和其他保健服务）由国家/地区通过医院和公共卫生服务提供资金。其他主流的服务，如社区，制药和初级卫生保健，是直接由澳洲通过医疗保险和医药福利计划（公司等，al，2014）。因此，对健康服务的访问是有限的。

Issue 1 Background
In 2008, indigenous academics are only accounted for 0.6% in the master by research completion and 0.3% of doctoral completions, despite the fact that indigenous Australia only accounted 2.5% of the total populations. In addition, indigenous students represent only 1% of domestic students enrolled in RHDs including both PHDs and masters. Furthermore, only 320 indigenous students enrolled in the PHDs, only 0.66% of the total number of the students of the PHDs (Schofield, O'Brien, & Gilroy, 2013). Apparently, the number of indigenous students in PHDs decreased each year. Therefore, the number of the PHDs for indigenous students is seemed to be smaller.

issue 2 Background  
In the Australian health care system, the majority of Indigenous health care services are publicly funded. These services are provided in two ways: through the universally available health care services, referred to here as ‘mainstream services’; and through other services specifically targeting Indigenous Australians due to access issues that they face, referred to as “Indigenous-specific health care services”. Indigenous-specific health care services include a ‘comprehensive primary health care service’ provided by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS), drug and alcohol services, and other services provided by non-government organizations. Mainstream services (non-primary health care, dental and other health services) are funded by the states/territories through hospitals and public health services. Other mainstream services, such as community, pharmaceutical and primary health care, are directly funded by the Australian Government through Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (Otim et.,al, 2014). Therefore, the access to the health service is limited.本文来源：http://www.yingguolunwen.com